Annotated Bibliography

This post is about the research that I have done based on the question, "What benefits do refugees and immigrants have on the U.S economy?"

There are 3 sources in total, and I will provide the annotated bibliography of my research.

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The first source is from Upenn Wharton budget model .

The effects of immigration on the United States' economy. (2016, June 27). Penn

Wharton Budget Model. https://budgetmodel.wharton.upenn.edu/issues/2016/1/

27/the-effects-of-immigration-on-the-united-states-economy

The article written by the Penn Wharton Budget Model, uses graphs from the U.S. Census Bureau, Bureau of Labor Statistics, and author's calculations, and

more to support the effects of immigration on the United State's Economy. They

have three key points why the immigration benefits the US economy. They are: Labor market competition, productivity, and fiscal impact.

They look at both long and short term impacts, while examining the

rate of immigration and the increased wages. The article also mentions the

preconceived notions of people, and explains how their ideas are wrong with strong

economic evidence and economic theories.

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The second source is from National Immigration Forum.

National Immigration forum is an immigrant advocacy group. They use communications, advocacy and policy expertise to advocate for more immigration, more refugees and more funding to foreign nations.

Immigrants as economic contributors: Refugees are a fiscal success story for

America. (2018, June 14). Immigration Forum.

https://immigrationforum.org/article/

immigrants-as-economic-contributors-refugees-are-a-fiscal-success-story-for-ameri

ca/

This source provides me with answers of my initial question, how do

refugees benefit the US economy? The article supports their initial claim,

refugees contribute to the economy by contributing through consumer

spending and business start-ups. They support their claim by using

statistical information, the unemployment rate of male

refugees in comparison to male U.S born citizens, and female refugees in comparison to female U.S born citizens.

The article also claims that refugees have higher

entrepreneurship rates than the US born population, and they also use

statistical data to support their claim. For more support, they provide

examples of several refugee-created businesses which are well-known.

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The last source is from GIWPS, Georgetown Institute for Women, Peace and Security.

Kabir, R., & Olosky, L. (2019, July 25). Refugees have billions to contribute to

U.S economy. GIWPS. https://giwps.georgetown.edu/

refugees-have-billions-to-contribute-to-u-s-economy/

Two authors of this article use sources from other studies in the GIWPS.

They focus a lot on 'what if' situations' while providing statistical

evidence with the situations. The article has more statistical evidence

sourced from the New York Times, that the refugees in the United States

contributed about $269.1 billion revenue between the years of 2005 and

2014 through taxes. They also use reports from IRC to support their 'what

if' situations. The article not only focuses on the benefits of refugees in

the US economy, it also focuses specifically on refugee women.